#!/usr/bin/perl
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# mpp - a preprocessor for movie frames.
#
#
# $Id: mpp,v 1.8 2001/05/29 08:30:55 dominik Exp $
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------

require 5.001;
use strict;
use Getopt::Long;

#============================================================================
#============================================================================
#            START OF CONFIGURATION SECTION
#============================================================================
#============================================================================
#
# The hash %convert contains information about how to convert
# different image formats to PPM format. The key to the hash is
# the format. All formats recognized by MPP are given below - thus
# it makes no sense to add new keys unless you know how to recognize these
# files and implement it in the subroutine 'file_info'. You can, however,
# change the system command associated with a file type.
#
# The hash values are system commands to do the conversion.
# The commands should formally convert a file 'INFILE' into a
# PPM file with name 'frame.ppm'.
# If the output file is 'redo.img' instead of 'frame.ppm', file conversion
# will be done again on this file. Thus you can convert a file by a
# chain of commands if it proves difficult to do it with a pipe.
# Be careful not to built infinite loops this way (MPP will allow up
# to $maxconvert steps before it dies with an error message).

my(%convert) = 
    (
     # DON'T CHANGE NEXT LINE
     "PPM"      => "ln INFILE frame.ppm",
     # DON'T CHANGE PREVIOUS LINE
     "PGM"      => "pgmtoppm rgbi:1.0/1.0/1.0 INFILE > frame.ppm",
     "PBM"      => "pgmtoppm rgbi:1.0/1.0/1.0 INFILE > frame.ppm",
     "GIF"      => "giftoppm  INFILE > frame.ppm",
     "JPEG"     => "jpegtoppm INFILE > frame.ppm",
     "PM"       => "pmtoppm   INFILE > frame.ppm",
     "XBM"      => "xbmtopbm  INFILE > redo.img",
     "SUNRAS"   => "rasttopnm INFILE > redo.img",
     "BMP"      => "bmptoppm  INFILE > frame.ppm",
     "UTAHRLE"  => "rletoppm  INFILE > frame.ppm",
     "IRIS"     => "iristoppm INFILE > frame.ppm",
     "PCX"      => "pcxtoppm  INFILE > frame.ppm",
     "TIFF"     => "tifftopnm INFILE > redo.img",
     "PS"       => "pstopnm   INFILE > redo.img",
     "PDSVICAR" => "pdstoppm  INFILE > frame.ppm",
     "MTV"      => "mtvtoppm  INFILE > frame.ppm"
     );

my($maxconvert) = 3;		# maximum number of conversions steps

#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The hash %uncompress contains information about how to find compressed
# versions of files and how to decompress them.
# When an image file is not found, MPP checks if the file with any
# of the extensions specified in %uncompress does exist. If it does, the
# file is decompressed and used.
#
# The commands should formally decompress a file 'INFILE.EXT'
# into a file named 'INFILE'. 'EXT' is the extension given as the key.
# If the commands are written non-destructively (i.e. decompression
# does not remove the compressed version), the decompressed version
# will be thrown away when it's no longer needed.

my(%uncompress) = 
    (
     ".bz2" => "bunzip2 -n -c INFILE.bz2 > INFILE",
     ".bz"  => "bunzip2 -n -c INFILE.bz  > INFILE",
     ".gz"  => "gunzip -n -c INFILE.gz > INFILE",
     ".Z"   => "zcat INFILE.Z  > INFILE",
     ".z"   => "pcat INFILE.z  > INFILE"
     );

#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The hash %product contains information on processing of the final
# ppm frames into a specific product.
# The entries in %product define system commands that will transform
# individual ppm files into something else. The key to the hash is the
# argument given to the -product command line switch. The value is an array
# with the following entries:
# 0: The EXTension of the product (as in frame.EXT)
# 1: A system command that formally converts 'frame.ppm' into 'frame.EXT'.

my(%product) =
    (
     "ppm"  => [ 'ppm',    ''                                           ],
     "pgm"  => [ 'pgm',    'ppmtopgm frame.ppm > frame.pgm'             ],
     "pbm"  => [ 'pbm',    'ppmtopgm frame.ppm | pgmtopbm > frame.pbm'  ],
     "gif"  => [ 'gif',    'ppmquant 256 frame.ppm 2>/dev/null |' .
		           'ppmtogif 2>/dev/null > frame.gif'           ],
     "tiff" => [ 'tif',    'pnmtotiff frame.ppm > frame.tif'            ],
     "bz2"  => [ 'ppm.bz2','bzip2 frame.ppm'                            ],
     "gz"   => [ 'ppm.gz', 'gzip -f frame.ppm'                          ],
     "Z"    => [ 'ppm.Z',  'compress frame.ppm'                         ],
     "z"    => [ 'ppm.z',  'pack frame.ppm'                             ]
     );

#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# CONFIGURATIONS FOR THE MPEG PROGRAM
#
# First the name for the encoder program.  'mpeg_encode', or,
# on some systems, 'ppmtompeg'.

my $mpeg_encode_program_name = "mpeg_encode";

# The hash %mpeg_input_convert contains the INPUT_CONVERT parameter
# for each key of the %product hash (see above).

my(%mpeg_input_convert) = 
    (
     "ppm"  => '*',
     "pgm"  => 'pgmtoppm  rgbi:1.0/1.0/1.0 *',
     "pbm"  => 'pgmtoppm  rgbi:1.0/1.0/1.0 *',
     "gif"  => 'giftoppm *',
     "tiff" => 'tifftopnm *',
     "bz2"  => 'bunzip2 -c *',
     "bz"   => 'bunzip2 -c *',
     "gz"   => 'gunzip -c *',
     "Z"    => 'zcat *',
     "z"    => 'pcat *'
     );

# The hash %mpeg_parameters contains default values for many of the
# parameters in the parameter files used by mpeg_encode. All parameters
# mentioned here will end up in the parameter file written by MPP.
# The following parameters MUST NOT have an entry in this hash because they
# are handled directly by mpp:
# BASE_FILE_FORMAT, INPUT, INPUT_DIR, INPUT_CONVERT

my(%mpeg_parameters) =
    (
# frame pattern
     'PATTERN'                 => 'IBBPBBPBBPBBPBBP',
# output file name
     'OUTPUT'                  => 'movie.mpg',
# Size of frame groups. '' means infinite (only one group, saves space)
     'GOP_SIZE'                => '',
# Motion search parameters
     'SLICES_PER_FRAME'        => '1',
     'PIXEL'                   => 'HALF',
     'RANGE'                   => '10',
     'PSEARCH_ALG'             => 'LOGARITHMIC',
     'BSEARCH_ALG'             => 'CROSS2',
# Quality specifications for the JPEG compression step
     'IQSCALE'                 => '8',
     'PQSCALE'                 => '10',
     'BQSCALE'                 => '25',
# Reference frame
     'REFERENCE_FRAME'         => 'ORIGINAL',
# Should last frame alway be there?
     'FORCE_ENCODE_LAST_FRAME' => '1'
     );

#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The hash %named_colors contains the rgbi values for some colors.
# You can use these color names whenever a color is required.

my(%named_colors) = 
  (
   '20gray'     => '0.200/0.200/0.200',
   '40gray'     => '0.400/0.400/0.400',
   '60gray'     => '0.600/0.600/0.600',
   '80gray'     => '0.800/0.800/0.800',
   'aquamarine' => '0.498/1.000/0.831',
   'azure'      => '0.941/1.000/1.000',
   'beige'      => '0.961/0.961/0.863',
   'bisque'     => '1.000/0.894/0.769',
   'black'      => '0.000/0.000/0.000',
   'blue'       => '0.000/0.000/1.000',
   'brown'      => '0.647/0.165/0.165',
   'crimson'    => '0.863/0.078/0.235',
   'cyan'       => '0.000/1.000/1.000',
   'dimgray'    => '0.412/0.412/0.412',
   'firebrick'  => '0.698/0.133/0.133',
   'gold'       => '1.000/0.843/0.000',
   'gray'       => '0.502/0.502/0.502',
   'green'      => '0.000/0.502/0.000',
   'hotpink'    => '1.000/0.412/0.706',
   'indigo'     => '0.294/0.000/0.510',
   'ivory'      => '1.000/1.000/0.941',
   'khaki'      => '0.941/0.902/0.549',
   'lavender'   => '0.902/0.902/0.980',
   'lime'       => '0.000/1.000/0.000',
   'magenta'    => '1.000/0.000/1.000',
   'maroon'     => '0.502/0.000/0.000',
   'navy'       => '0.000/0.000/0.502',
   'olive'      => '0.502/0.502/0.000',
   'orange'     => '1.000/0.647/0.000',
   'pink'       => '1.000/0.753/0.796',
   'purple'     => '0.502/0.000/0.502',
   'red'        => '1.000/0.000/0.000',
   'salmon'     => '0.980/0.502/0.447',
   'silver'     => '0.753/0.753/0.753',
   'teal'       => '0.000/0.502/0.502',
   'tomato'     => '1.000/0.388/0.278',
   'turquoise'  => '0.251/0.878/0.816',
   'violet'     => '0.933/0.510/0.933',
   'white'      => '1.000/1.000/1.000',
   'yellow'     => '1.000/1.000/0.000',
  );

#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# For some of the paste operations we need to make masks. The pbmmask
# utility obviously tries something clever by making the mask somewhat
# larger than the exact pixels would indicate. E.g. a mask for rendered
# text does not includes the small hole in some letters. MPP implements
# its own mask mechanism which just makes background white and forground
# black period.  You can configure here if you want to use it.

my($use_mpps_own_mask) = 1;

#============================================================================
#============================================================================
#          END OF CONFIGURATION SECTION
#============================================================================
#============================================================================

#   GLOBAL VARIABLES AND DEFAULT VALUES 
#   -----------------------------------

my(%opt);                       # Options hash

# Subdirectories for temporary files. Careful, they will be deleted
# without sympathy
my($FDIR)       = 'MPP_frames';	# Subdirectory for frames
my($TDIR)       = 'MPP_tmp';	# Subdirectory for temporary files

# Global variables which can be set with commands
my($WIDTH)      = 0;		# Width of frames
my($HEIGHT)     = 0;		# Height of frames
my($PASTEOFFSET)= 0.05;		# Pasteoffset from side, fraction of frame size
my($SCALE)      = '';		# Scaling method
my($TEXTCOLOR)  = "1/1/1";	# Foreground color for text
my($TEXTFONT)   = '';		# Font file for text
my($FRAMECOLOR) = '0/0/0';	# Color of frames around too small images
my($PREFIX)     = '';		# Prefix for the name of image files
my($POSTPROCESS)= '';		# Post processing command
my($PRODUCT_EXT)= '';		# Extension of product file type

# Internal global variables
my(%macro);			# Macro definitions like in C
my($index);			# Index of current frame
my(%paste);			# Array for info about paste items
my($cmdlinenr);			# Current line number in command file
my($cmdfile);			# Command file
my($errors)     = 0;		# Counting warnings
my($warnings)   = 0;		# Counting errors
my($cmd);			# A command
my($pastechanged);		# Flag
my($nompeg);			# Flag

# Look for options on the command line
# ------------------------------------

# First, some defaults
$opt{'links'}      = 1;
$opt{'product'}    = 'ppm';

GetOptions( \%opt , qw( -quiet -verbose -force -check
			-clean -mpeg -nolinks
			-colors
                     -product=s) )
    || die <<"EOF";

usage: mpp  [ OPTIONS ]  COMMAND-FILE
              -check             Check for required system commands
              -colors            List builtin color names
              -clean             Remove all files created by mpp

              -product  KEY      Produce the product labeled KEY
                                 (ppm,pgm,pbm,gif,tiff,gz,z,Z)
              -mpeg              Run mpeg_encode (Berkeley)

              -nolinks           Use cp instead of ln to duplicate files
              -quiet             Make less noise
              -verbose           Make more noise
              -force             Ignore all recoverable errors
EOF
    
# Open log and error files
&open_log_and_err;

# Check -product option
if ($opt{'product'} =~ /frame\.ppm/) {
    $POSTPROCESS = $opt{'product'};
    $PRODUCT_EXT = 'img';
} elsif (defined $product{$opt{'product'}}) {
    $POSTPROCESS = $product{$opt{'product'}}[1];
    $PRODUCT_EXT = $product{$opt{'product'}}[0];
} else {
    &err("-product ... is neither a key nor a command");
    exit(1);
}
&log("MSG: Setting POSTPROCESS to: $POSTPROCESS");
&log("MSG: Setting PRODUCT_EXT to: $PRODUCT_EXT");

if ($opt{'check'}) {
    # Only checking for programs
    &check_for_programs;
    exit(0);
}

if ($opt{'colors'}) {
  # Only list the colors
  &list_colors;
  exit(0);
}

if ($opt{'clean'}) {
    # Only cleaning up
    &cleanup;
    exit(0);
}

if ($opt{'nolinks'}) {
    $opt{'links'} = 0;
}

# Name of command file
if (@ARGV) {
    $cmdfile = shift(@ARGV);
} else {
    die "usage: mpp  [ OPTIONS ]  COMMAND-FILE\n";
}
    

# Open command file
open CMD,$cmdfile       or die "Can't open cmd file $cmdfile $!\n";

# Signals
$SIG{'INT'}  = 'HANDLER';
$SIG{'QUIT'} = 'HANDLER';
$SIG{'HUP'}  = 'HANDLER';
$SIG{'TERM'} = 'HANDLER';

# Create subdirectories for frames and temporary files
mysystem("rm -rf $FDIR $TDIR; mkdir $FDIR $TDIR");

$index = 0;

# Go through the command file
 COMMAND:
while ($cmd = <CMD>) {
    
    $cmdlinenr = $.;

    next if $cmd =~ /^\s*$/;	# empty line

    # Add any continuation lines
    $cmd .= <CMD> while (/\\\s*$/);
    $cmd =~ s/\\\s*\n//g;	# delete newlines

    # Interpolate macros
    $cmd =~ s/ (\b\w+\b) / defined($macro{$1}) ? $macro{$1} : $1 /xge;

    # Macro definition
    if ($cmd =~ /^\#define\s+/) {
	my($key,$value);
	if ( ($key,$value) = $cmd =~ 
	             (/^ \#define \s+ (\w+) \s+ (\S.*) $/x)) {
	    $macro{$key} = $value;
	    next COMMAND;
	}
    }

    # Macro undefine
    if ($cmd =~ /^\#undef\s+/) {
	my($key);
	if ( ($key) = $cmd =~ 
	             (/^ \#undef \s+ (\w+) \s/x)) {
	    delete $macro{$key};
	    next COMMAND;
	}
    }


    next if $cmd =~ /^\#/;	# comment

    chomp($cmd);

    &log("CMD: $cmd");
    print"CMD: $cmd\n" unless $opt{'quiet'} || $opt{'verbose'};
    last if $cmd =~ /^EXIT\s*$/; # exit
	
    # Trim
    $cmd =~ s/^\s*//;
    $cmd =~ s/\s*$//;

    # Parse

    # SIZE
    if ($cmd =~ /^SIZE \s+ (\S+) /x ) {

	set_size($1);

    }
    # SCALE
    elsif ($cmd =~ /^SCALE\s+(\w+)/) {
	
	set_scale($1);

    }
    # FRAMECOLOR
    elsif ($cmd =~ /^FRAMECOLOR\s+(\S+)/ ) {
	
	$FRAMECOLOR = verify_color($1,'0/0/0');

    }
    # TEXTCOLOR
    elsif ($cmd =~ /^TEXTCOLOR (?: \s+ (\S+))? /x) {

	if ($1) {
	    $TEXTCOLOR = verify_color($1,'1/1/1');
	} else {
	    $TEXTCOLOR = '1/1/1';
	}
	
    }
    # TEXTFONT
    elsif ($cmd =~ /^TEXTFONT \s* (\S*)/x) {
	
	$TEXTFONT = verify_font($1);

    }
    # PREFIX
    elsif ($cmd =~ /^PREFIX \s* (\S*)/x) {

	$PREFIX = $1;
	$PREFIX =~ s/%/%%/g;	# Duplicte % to avoid sprintf interpretation

    }
    # TEXT
    elsif ($cmd =~ /^TEXT\s+/) {

	if ($cmd =~ /^(.*)<<(\w+)(\s*)$/) {
	    $cmd = "$1$3\n";
	    # Concatenate here document lines
	    my $eof = $2;
	    while (<CMD>) {
		last if /^\Q$eof\E\s*$/;
		$cmd .= $_;
	    }
	    chomp($cmd);
	}
	&store_text($cmd);
	$pastechanged = 1;

    }
    # PASTE
    elsif ($cmd =~ /^PASTE\s+/) {

	&store_paste($cmd);
	$pastechanged = 1;

    }
    # CLEAR
    elsif ($cmd =~ /^CLEAR\b\s*(.*)/) {

	if ($1) {
	    # clear some paste positions
	    foreach (split(/\s+/,$1)) {
		delete $paste{$_};
	    }
	} else {
	    # clear all paste items
	    undef %paste;
	}
	$pastechanged = 1;

    }
    # FRAME PRODUCING COMMAND
    else {

	my($repeat,$filefmt,$min,$max,$step);
	if ( ($repeat,$filefmt,$min,$max,$step) = 
	   ($cmd =~ / (?:(\d+)x\s+)?
	              (\S+) \s* (\d*) \s* (\d*) \s* (\d*) /x) ) {

	    $step = 1 unless $step;
	    $repeat = 1 unless $repeat;

	    &do_frames($repeat,$filefmt,$min,$max,$step);

	} else {

	    # OOOPS
	    &err("Ignoring cmd line: $cmd\n");
	}
    }
}

# Write the parameter file for an mpeg_encode run
&write_berkeley_parameter_file;


# Run the mpeg program
if ($opt{'mpeg'} && !$nompeg) {

    my(@options);

    # Options
    if ($opt{'verbose'}) {
	# Don't do nothing
    } else {
	push(@options,'-no_frame_summary');
	if ($opt{'quiet'}) {
	    push(@options,'-realquiet');
	} else {
	    push(@options,'-quiet 60');
	}
    }

    # Run it
    print STDERR "MSG: Now running $mpeg_encode_program_name. May take a while...\n" 
	unless $opt{'quiet'};
    &log("MSG: Running MPEG");

    mysystem("$mpeg_encode_program_name @options mpeg.par");

    &log("MSG: MPEG is done");
}

# Remove some files
&cleanup;

if (($errors || $warnings)) {
    $errors   = sprintf("%8d",$errors);
    $warnings = sprintf("%8d",$warnings);
    warn <<"EOF"

*****************************
* Please check file mpp.err *
* ------------------------- *
* No. of errors:   $errors *
* No. of warnings: $warnings *
*****************************
EOF
}

#############################################################################
#############################################################################
#############################################################################

sub cleanup {

    unlink 'frame.ppm';
    &log("MSG: Removing temporary files");
    mysystem("rm -rf $TDIR");

    if ($opt{'clean'}) {
	mysystem("rm -rf $FDIR");
	unlink 'frame.ppm';
	unlink 'redo.img';
	unlink 'mpp.log';
	unlink 'mpeg.par';
	unlink 'mpp.err';
	if (-e 'movie.mpg') {
	    print "Delete file movie.mpeg (y/n) [n]";
	    my $reply = <STDIN>;
	    unlink 'movie.mpeg' if $reply =~ /^y/i;
	}
    }
}

sub HANDLER {
    my($signal) = @_;
    &wrn("Received signal SIG$signal. Cleanup and exit.");
    &cleanup;
    exit(1);
}

sub mysystem {
    my($cmd) = @_;
    &log("SYS: $cmd");
    my $r = (system $cmd)/256;
    if ($r) {
	&err("exit($r) from $cmd");
    }
}

sub open_log_and_err {
    my $date = `date`;
    chomp($date);
    open LOG,">mpp.log" or die "Can't open log file mpp.log $!\n";
    print LOG <<"EOF";

Logfile of mpp run on         $date     
Current working directory     $ENV{'PWD'}
Command file:                 $cmdfile

The leading numbers in the following messages refer to the command file.

*****************************************************************************

EOF

    open  ERR,">mpp.err" or die "Can't open error file mpp.err $!\n";
    print ERR <<"EOF";

Errorfile of mpp run on       $date
Current working directory     $ENV{'PWD'}
Command file:                 $cmdfile

The leading numbers in the following messages refer to the command file.

*****************************************************************************

EOF
}

sub log {
    # Logbook entry
    my ($message) = @_;

    printf LOG "%4d: %s\n",$cmdlinenr,$message;
    print STDERR "$message\n" if $opt{'verbose'};
}

sub err {
    # Error file entry: ERROR
    my ($message) = @_;

    printf LOG "%4d: ERR: %s\n",$cmdlinenr,$message;
    printf ERR "%4d: ERR: %s\n",$cmdlinenr,$message;

    print STDERR "ERR: $message\n" unless $opt{'quiet'};
    $errors++;
    exit(1) unless $opt{'force'};
}

sub wrn {
    # Error file entry: WARNING
    my ($message) = @_;

    printf LOG "%4d: WRN: %s\n",$cmdlinenr,$message;
    printf ERR "%4d: WRN: %s\n",$cmdlinenr,$message;

    print STDERR "WRN: $message\n" unless $opt{'quiet'};
    $warnings++;
}

sub xy {
    my($index) = @_;
    # return x and y (0,1,2) for keypad position
    return ( (0,0,1,2,0,1,2,0,1,2)[$index],
            (0,2,2,2,1,1,1,0,0,0)[$index]);
}

sub locopt {
    # Extract a local option from a string.
    # Return 1 or value of option if found.
    # The option will be removed from the string.

    my($key,$cmd) = @_;
    my($first,$rest) = split(/\n/,$cmd,2);
    my($found,$ret);

    # This routine is rather picky. We want to parse as exactly as possible
    # in order to disambiguate things.
    # Matching is done in a paranoid way. We look only in the first
    # line in case $cmd has more than one (like in here-document text).

    if ($key eq 'color') {
	$found = $first =~ 
	    s{ (?:^|\s) -c(?:olor)? \s+ (\S+) (?=\s|$ ) }{}sx;
	$ret = $found ? $1 : undef;
    }
    elsif ($key eq 'size') {
	$found = $first =~ 
	    s{ (?:^|\s) -s(?:ize)? \s+ (\d+x\d+) (?=\s|$ ) }{}sx;
	$ret = $found ? $1 : undef;
    } elsif ($key eq 'font') {
	$found = $first =~ 
	    s{ (?:^|\s) -f(?:ont)? \s+ (\S+) (?=\s|$ ) }{}sx;
	$ret = $found ? $1 : undef;
    } elsif ($key eq 'scale') {
	$found = $first =~ 
	    s{ (?:^|\s) -s(?:cale)? \s+ ([a-zA-Z]+) (?=\s|$ ) }{}sx;
	$ret = $found ? $1 : undef;
    } elsif ($key eq 'mask') {
	$found = $first =~ 
	    s{ (?:^|\s) -m(?:ask)? (?: \s+ (0*\.\d+) )? (?=\s|$ ) }{}sx;
	$ret =  $found ? ($1 || 0.5) : undef;
    } else {
	$found = $first =~ s{ (?:^|\s) -$key (?=\s|$ ) }{}sx;
	$ret = $found ? 1 : undef;
    }

    # Change the original cmd and return
    if ($found) {
	$_[1]  = $first;
	$_[1] .= "\n$rest" if $rest;
	return $ret;
    } else {
	return undef;
    }
}

sub store_paste {
    # Store a paste item and create the mask for it
    my($cmd) = @_;
    my($x,$y,$file);
    my($pos,$w,$h);
    my($prefix,$threshold);

    # Extract local options from command
    my $color = locopt('color',$cmd);
    my $scale = locopt('scale',$cmd) || 'reduce';
    my $size  = locopt('size',$cmd)  || "${WIDTH}x{HEIGHT}";
    my $crop  = locopt('crop',$cmd);
    my $mask  = locopt('mask',$cmd);

    # Verify some stuff
    $color = verify_color($color,'1/1/1') if $color;

    if ( ($pos,$file) = 
	($cmd =~ /^ PASTE \s+ ([1-9]) \s+ (\S+) /x) )
    {

	($x,$y) = xy($pos);

	# does the file exist?
	unless (-e $file) {
	    &err("Paste file $file does not exist");
	}

	# Convert the file to PPM
	&convert($file);

	# Crop the file if required
	if ($crop) {
	    &log("MSG: Cropping paste file $file");
	    mysystem("pnmcrop frame.ppm 2>/dev/null >$TDIR/tmp.ppm");
	    rename "$TDIR/tmp.ppm",'frame.ppm';
	}

	# Scale it if required
	if ($scale) {
	    my($w,$h) = split(/x/,$size);
	    if ($w == 0 || $h == 0) {
		$w = $WIDTH  * (1.0 - 2*$PASTEOFFSET);
		$h = $HEIGHT * (1.0 - 2*$PASTEOFFSET);
	    }
	    if ($w <= 0 || $h <= 0) {
		&wrn("Can't scale a paste file to unknown size. Ignored.");
	    } else {
		scale($scale,"frame.ppm",$w,$h);
	    }
	}

	# Store some information
	$prefix = "$TDIR/" . sprintf("paste%d%d",$x,$y);
	(undef,$w,$h) = file_info('frame.ppm');
	$paste{$pos}{'prefix'} = "$prefix";
	$paste{$pos}{'x'}      = $x;
	$paste{$pos}{'y'}      = $y;
	$paste{$pos}{'w'}      = $w;
	$paste{$pos}{'h'}      = $h;
	$paste{$pos}{'type'}   = 'image';

	# Make the mask and the paste pixmap
	if ($color) {
	    # A colored black/white paste
	    my $threshold = $mask || 0.9;
	    mysystem("ppmtopgm frame.ppm | " .
		     "pgmtopbm -threshold -value $threshold > $prefix.pbm");
	    if (pbm_background("$prefix.pbm")) {
		# needs to be inverted
		mysystem("pnminvert $prefix.pbm > $TDIR/tmp.pbm");
		rename "$TDIR/tmp.pbm","$prefix.pbm";
	    }
	    mysystem("pgmtoppm rgbi:$color-rgbi:0/0/0 $prefix.pbm > $prefix.ppm");
	}
	elsif ($mask) {
	    # A masked paste
	    if ($use_mpps_own_mask) {
		mysystem("ppmtopgm frame.ppm | " . 
			 "pgmtopbm -threshold -value $mask > $prefix.pbm ");
		if (pbm_background("$prefix.pbm")) {
		    # needs to be inverted
		    mysystem("pnminvert $prefix.pbm > $TDIR/tmp.pbm");
		    rename "$TDIR/tmp.pbm","$prefix.pbm";
		}
	    } else {
		mysystem("ppmtopgm frame.ppm | " . 
			 "pgmtopbm -threshold -value $mask | " .
			 "pbmmask >$prefix.pbm");
	    }
	    mysystem("pnminvert $prefix.pbm | " .
		     "pnmarith -multiply frame.ppm - 2>/dev/null> $prefix.ppm");
	} else {
	    # Just paste it as it is
	    mysystem("pbmmake -black $w $h >$prefix.pbm");
	    rename 'frame.ppm',"$prefix.ppm";
	}

    } else {
	&err("Ignoring cmd line: $cmd\n");
    }
}

sub store_text {
    # Store text, create a bitmap and remember positions
    my($cmd) = @_;
    my($text,$pos,$prefix);
    my($x,$y,$w,$h);

    # Extract local options from command
    my $color = locopt('color',$cmd) || $TEXTCOLOR;
    my $font  = locopt('font',$cmd)  || $TEXTFONT || '';

    # Verify some stuff
    $color = verify_color($color,'1/1/1');
    $font  = verify_font($font);

    if ( ($pos,$text) = 
	($cmd =~ /^ TEXT  \s+ ([1-9]) 
	           [ 	]+ \n? ([\000-\377]*) $ /x) )
    {
	($x,$y) = xy($pos);

	# Store some information
	$prefix = "$TDIR/" . sprintf('paste%d%d',$x,$y);
	$paste{$pos}{'prefix'} = "$prefix";
	$paste{$pos}{'x'}      = $x;
	$paste{$pos}{'y'}      = $y;
	$paste{$pos}{'type'}   = 'text';

	# Create bitmap and pixmap of the text
	$font   = $font   ? "-font $font" : "";

	# Make a pbm file with the text
	open PBMTEXT,"| pbmtext $font | pnmcrop > $prefix.pbm 2>/dev/null"
	    or die "Can't open pipe to pbmtext\n";
	print PBMTEXT $text;
	close PBMTEXT;

	# Get the size
	(undef,$w,$h) = &file_info("$prefix.pbm");
	
	# Scale if bigger than the movie image size
	if ($WIDTH && $HEIGHT && 
	    ( $w>$WIDTH*(1-2*$PASTEOFFSET) || $h>$HEIGHT*(1-2*$PASTEOFFSET))) 
	{
	    my($w1) = $WIDTH*(1-2*$PASTEOFFSET);
	    my($h1) = $HEIGHT*(1-2*$PASTEOFFSET);
	    my($Nw) = int($w/$w1);
	    my($Nh) = int($h/$h1);
	    my($N)  = $Nw > $Nh ? $Nw : $Nh;
	    $N++;
	    &wrn("TEXT too large. Reducing $N times.");
	    mysystem("pbmreduce -threshold $N $prefix.pbm >$TDIR/tmp.pbm");
	    rename "$TDIR/tmp.pbm","$prefix.pbm";
	    (undef,$w,$h) = &file_info("$prefix.pbm");
	}
	    
	# Store sizes
	$paste{$pos}{'w'} = $w;
	$paste{$pos}{'h'} = $h;

	# Make the ppm file
	mysystem("pgmtoppm rgbi:$color-rgbi:0/0/0 $prefix.pbm > $prefix.ppm");
	
    } else {

	&err("Ignoring cmd line: $cmd\n");

    }	
}

sub paste_position {
    # Calculate the paste position of a $length long item in a $max long space
    my ($max,$length,$where) = @_;

    if ($where == 0) {
	return int($PASTEOFFSET*$max);
    } elsif ($where == 2) {
	return $max-$length - int($PASTEOFFSET*$max);
    } else {
	return int(($max-$length)/2);
    }
}

sub create_font_file {
    # Try to find a font file in the data section
    # If yes, extract it and put it in the $TDIR directory
    # Return the location of the file
    my ($file) = @_;
    my ($enlarge,$ret,$foundas);

    local ($_);

    if (-e "$TDIR/$file") {
	# Oh, we got this already. Return immediately
	return "$TDIR/$file";
    }

    # If the font name ends with *NN, it means enlage
    ($file,$enlarge) = ($file =~ /^(\S+?) (?:\*(\d+))?$/x);

    # Let's see ...
    if (-e $file) {
	$foundas = "$file";
    } elsif (-e "$TDIR/$file") {
	$foundas = "$TDIR/$file";
    } else {
	seek(DATA,0,0);
      DATALINE:
	while (<DATA>) {
	    if (/^begin \s+ \d+ \s+ (\S+)/x) {
		next DATALINE unless $1 eq $file;
		
		# There it is. Extract ...
		&log("MSG: Extracting font file $file");
		open FONT,">$TDIR/$file"
		    or die "Can't open file $TDIR/$file for write $!\n";
		while (<DATA>) {
		    last if /^end/;
		    next if /a-z/;
		    next unless int((((ord()-32) & 077) +2) / 3) ==
			int(length() / 4);
		    print FONT unpack("u",$_);
		}
		close(FONT);
		$foundas = "$TDIR/$file";
	    }
	}
    }
    
    if ($foundas) {
	if ($enlarge) {
	    $file = "$file*$enlarge";
	    my $cmd = "pnmenlarge $enlarge $foundas > $TDIR/$file";
	    mysystem($cmd);
	}
	return "$TDIR/$file";
    } else {
	# Not found
	return '';
    }
}

sub update_paste {
    # Updates frame and mask for pasting
    # This contains both pasted text and images

    local($_);
    my($x,$y,$pos,$w,$h,$prefix);
    my(@pastepbm,@pasteppm);

    &log("MSG: Updating paste frame");

    # Walk through all paste items and prepare pipes

    for $pos (keys %paste) {

	($w,$h) = ($paste{$pos}{'w'},$paste{$pos}{'h'});
	$prefix = $paste{$pos}{'prefix'};

	if ( $w>$WIDTH || $h > $HEIGHT ) {

	    # Arrgh! Too big. Cut some of it off.
	    &wrn("Image or text at $pos too large for pasting. Cutting it.");
	    $w = int($WIDTH*(1-2*$PASTEOFFSET));
	    $h = int($HEIGHT*(1-2*$PASTEOFFSET));
	    scale('cut',"$prefix.pbm",$w,$h);
	    scale('cut',"$prefix.ppm",$w,$h);
	    ($w,$h) = ($paste{$pos}{'w'},$paste{$pos}{'h'}) =
		(file_info("$prefix.pbm"))[1,2];

	}

	$x = paste_position($WIDTH,$paste{$pos}{'w'},$paste{$pos}{'x'});
	$y = paste_position($HEIGHT,$paste{$pos}{'h'},$paste{$pos}{'y'});
	push(@pastepbm,"| pnmpaste $prefix.pbm $x $y");    
	push(@pasteppm,"| pnmpaste $prefix.ppm $x $y");    

    }

    # create paste frame and mask
    mysystem("pbmmake -black $WIDTH $HEIGHT @pasteppm > $TDIR/paste.ppm");
    mysystem("pbmmake -white $WIDTH $HEIGHT @pastepbm > $TDIR/paste.pbm");
    
    # Unset flag
    $pastechanged = 0;
}

sub do_frames {

    # Use the filefmt to create file names and make the frames
    my($repeat,$filefmt,$min,$max,$step) = @_;

    my($cmd,$ti,$file,$remove,$type,$width,$height);
    my($ext,$uncompress,$i);

    $filefmt = $named_colors{$filefmt} if defined $named_colors{$filefmt};

    if ($filefmt =~ m{ ([\d\.]+) / ([\d\.]+) / ([\d\.]+) }x) {

	# Filename is a color specification for an empty field
	$min = $max = 0;
	$filefmt = "$TDIR/empty.ppm";

	# Create an empty frame of the correct size
	die "Size of empty frames must be known. Use a SIZE command\n"
	    if ($HEIGHT*$WIDTH == 0);

	open PPM,">$filefmt" or die "Can't open $filefmt for write $!\n";
	print PPM "P6\n$WIDTH $HEIGHT\n255\n";
	my($r) = int(255*$1);
	my($g) = int(255*$2);
	my($b) = int(255*$3);
	print PPM pack("CCC",$r,$g,$b) x ($WIDTH*$HEIGHT);
	close(PPM);

    } else {
	$filefmt = "$PREFIX$filefmt";
    }

  FILE:
    for ($i=$min; $i<= $max; $i += $step) {

	# Make a file name
	$file = sprintf($filefmt,$i);
	&log("MSG: doing file $file $repeat time(s)");

	$remove = 0;
	if ( ! -e $file) {
	    # Try if there is a compressed version of the file
	    foreach $ext (keys %uncompress) {
		if (-e "$file$ext") {
		    ($uncompress = $uncompress{$ext} )
			=~ s/INFILE/$file/g;
		    &log("MSG: expanding: $file$ext");
		    mysystem($uncompress);
		    if (-e $file && -e "$file$ext") {
			# The uncompressed file can be removed later
			$remove = $file;
		    }
		    last;
		}
	    }
	}

	# Die or warn if file cannot be found
	unless (-e $file) {
	    &err("File $file does not exist");
	    next FILE;
	}

	# Convert the file to PPM format
	&convert($file);
	
	# Check frame size
	
	($type,$width,$height) = &file_info($file);
	if ($WIDTH == 0 && $HEIGHT == 0) {
	    # frame size not yet fixed. Current size will become the default
	    set_size("${width}x${height}");
	}

	# Check if frame size is still the same. Scale if necessary
	if ($height != $HEIGHT || $width != $WIDTH) {

	    # New size is different
	    unless ($SCALE) {
		# SCALE was not set - use default, but issue error message.
		$SCALE = 'reduce';
		&wrn("Frame sizes appear to vary. Scaling enabled (method $SCALE).");
	    }

	    my $meth = $SCALE;

	    &scale($meth,'frame.ppm',$WIDTH,$HEIGHT);
	    &frame_image('frame.ppm',$WIDTH,$HEIGHT,$FRAMECOLOR)
		if $meth eq 'best' || $meth eq 'cut' || $meth eq 'reduce';

	}
	
	# Remove file if it was optained by decompression
	unlink $remove if $remove;

	# Paste text and images into the file

	if (%paste) {
	    &update_paste if $pastechanged;
	    &log("MSG: Pasting text");
	    mysystem("pnmarith -multiply frame.ppm $TDIR/paste.pbm 2>/dev/null"
		     . "| pnmarith -add $TDIR/paste.ppm - > $TDIR/tmp.ppm");
	    rename "$TDIR/tmp.ppm",'frame.ppm';
	}

	# Postprocessing
	if ($POSTPROCESS) {
	    mysystem($POSTPROCESS);
	}
	
	&add_frames("frame.$PRODUCT_EXT",$PRODUCT_EXT,$repeat);

    }
}

sub convert {

    # Convert any image file to a PPM file with name frame.ppm
    my($file) = @_;

    my($type,$width,$height) = &file_info($file);
    my($loop,$convert) = 0;

    unlink "frame.ppm","redo.img";

    # Loop in case there are several commands to execute
    while (!-e 'frame.ppm') {

	if ($convert{$type}) {
	    
	    # Yes, we have a command defined
	    ($convert = $convert{$type}) =~ s/INFILE/$file/g;
	    &log("MSG: Converting file type $type");
	    mysystem($convert);
	    if ($convert =~ /\b redo.img \b/x && -e 'redo.img') {
		rename('redo.img',"$TDIR/tmp.img");
		$file = "$TDIR/tmp.img";
	    }
	    ($type,$width,$height) = &file_info($file);

	} else {

	    # No way
	    die "Sorry, don't know how to convert file type $type\n";

	}

	if (++$loop >= $maxconvert) {
	    &err("More than $maxconvert conversion atempts.");
	}

    }
}

sub pbm_background {
    # Determine the background color of a pbm file
    my($file) = @_;
    local($_);
    my($w,$bcount,$magic,$height,$width,$i);

    open PBM,"$file"  or die "Can't open file $file $!";

    $_ = <PBM>;		 
    ($magic) = split;
    return undef unless $magic eq 'P4';

    $_ = <PBM>;
    while (/^\#/) {$_ = <PBM>}
    ($width,$height) = split;

    $w = int($width/8+.99);
    $bcount = 0;

    for $i (1..$height) {
	read(PBM,$_,$w);
	$_ = substr(unpack("B*",$_),0,$width);
	if ($i == 1 || $i == $height) {
	    $bcount += tr/1/1/;
	} else {
	    $bcount += substr($_,0,1) + substr($_,-1,1);
	}
    }
    return $bcount > $height+$width-2 ? 1: 0;
}
	
    

sub set_size {

    # set global variables $WIDTH and $HEIGHT with validity check
    my ($key) = @_;
    my ($w,$h);

    &log("MSG: Setting movie size to: $key");

    unless ($WIDTH == 0 && $HEIGHT == 0) {
	&err("Inconsistent SIZE spec. $key (was ${WIDTH}x$HEIGHT)");
    }

    if    ("\U$key" eq 'NTSC') {$w = 352; $h = 240}
    elsif ("\U$key" eq 'CIF')  {$w = 352; $h = 288}
    elsif ("\U$key" eq 'QCIF') {$w = 176; $h = 144}
    elsif (-e $key) {
	# it's a file
	&log("MSG: Getting size from file $key");
	&convert($key);
	(undef,$w,$h) = file_info('frame.ppm');
	unless ($w && $h) {
	    &err("Cannot take size from file $key.");
	    return;
	}
    } elsif ( ($w,$h) = $key =~ /(\d+)x(\d+)/ ) {
	# nothing to do here
    } else {
	&err("Don't understand SIZE specification $key.");
	return;
    }

    if ($w == 0 || $h == 0) {
	&err("Degenerate size specification ${w}x${h}.");
	return;
    }

    if ( ($w % 2) == 1) {
	&wrn("Width $w is uneven. Changed to " . ($w-1)) . ".";
	$w--;
    }
    if ( ($h % 2) == 1) {
	&wrn("Height $h is uneven. Changed to " . ($h-1)) . ".";
	$h--;
    }

    # Set the global variables
    $WIDTH  = $w;
    $HEIGHT = $h;
}

sub set_scale {

    # set global variable $SCALE and check validity
    my($s) = @_;

    if ( $s eq 'cut'   || $s eq 'reduce' || 
	 $s eq 'exact' || $s eq 'best'   ||
	 $s eq 'not' ) {

	$SCALE = $s;

    } else {

	&err("Illegal value \'$s\' for SCALE.");
    }
}

sub verify_color {

    # verify a color specification
    my($color,$default) = @_;

    local($_);
    $color = $named_colors{$color} if defined $named_colors{$color};
    my(@c) = split(/\//,$color);
    foreach (@c) {
	unless ($_ >= 0 && $_ <= 1 && /^\d\.?\d*|\.\d+/) {
	    &wrn("Illegal color specification \`$color\`. Using $default instead.");
	    return $default;
	}
    }
    return $color;
}

sub verify_font {

    # Verify the availability of a font file
    my($font) = @_;

    if ($font) {
	$font = &create_font_file($font) unless (-e $font);
	unless ($font && -e $font) {
	    &wrn("Can't find or create text font file $font."
		   . "Using default font");
	    $font = "";
	}
    }
    return $font;
}

sub add_frames {

    # Add a number of frames to the list
    # Use links to multiplicate multiple frames

    my($name,$ext,$repeat) = @_;

    my($n);
    local($_);

    die "$name does not exist\n" unless -e "$name";

  REPEAT:
    foreach (1..$repeat) {
	$n = "$FDIR/" . sprintf("f%d",++$index);
	
	if (-e "$n.$ext") {
	    unlink("$n.$ext") or die "Can't unlink $n.$ext\n";
	}
	if ($opt{'links'}) {
	    link("$name","$n.$ext")
		or die "Can't link $name to $n.$ext\n";
	} else {
	    # Ouch! wasting disk space
	    mysystem "cp $name $n.$ext";
	}
    }

    unlink("$name") or die "Can't unlink $name\n";
}

sub file_info {

    # Get file type and image size. Return list with $id.
    # For PBM/PGM/PPM return list with $id,$width,$height.
    
    # Supported formats:
    # JPEG/JFIF, GIF, PPM, PGM, PBM, PM, XBM, SUNRAS, BMP, UTAHRLE,
    # IRIS, PCX, TIFF, PS, PDSVICAR, MTV

    my ($file) = @_;
    my $header;
    my ($id,$width,$height);

    open(F, $file) or die "Can't open $file: $!\n";
    sysread(F, $header, 1024) || die "Reading problem with file $file\n";

    # Let's see what file type we have got

    if ($header =~ /^P[1-6]\n/) {

	# PPM file of some sort
	$header =~ s/^#.*//mg;
	($id, $width, $height) = ($header =~ /^(P[1-6])\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)/);
	$id = "PBM" if $id eq "P1" || $id eq "P4";
	$id = "PGM" if $id eq "P2" || $id eq "P5";
	$id = "PPM" if $id eq "P3" || $id eq "P6";

    }
    elsif (substr($header, 0, 3) eq "GIF") {
	($id, $width, $height) = ('GIF',0,0);
    } 
    elsif ($header =~ /^(VIEW|WEIV)/) {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('PM',0,0);
    }
    elsif (substr($header,0,7) eq '#define') {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('XBM',0,0);
    }
    elsif ((substr($header,0,4) & "\377\177\377\177")
	   eq "\131\046\152\025") {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('SUNRAS',0,0);
    }
    elsif (substr($header,0,2) eq 'BM') {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('BMP',0,0);
    }
    elsif (substr($header,0,2) eq "\122\314") {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('UTAHRLE',0,0);
    }
    elsif ($header =~ /^(\001\332|\332\001)/) {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('IRIS',0,0);
    }
    elsif ($header =~ /^\012[\000-\005]/) {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('PCX',0,0);
    }
    elsif ($header =~ /^(MM|II)/) {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('TIFF',0,0);
    }
    elsif ($header =~ /^%!/) {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('PS',0,0);
    }
    elsif ($header =~ /^ ( NJPL1I | CCSD3Z | LBLSIZE= ) /x) {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('PDSVICAR',0,0);
    }
    elsif (substr($header, 0, 4) eq "ÿØÿà" 
	   && substr($header, 6, 5) eq "JFIF\0") {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('JPEG',0,0);
    }
    elsif ($header =~ /\s*\d+\s+\d+\s+/ && !-T $file) {
	($id,$width,$height) = ('MTV',0,0);
    }
    else {

	# I have no idea
	$id = "UNKNOWN";

    }

    return $id,$width,$height;

}

sub frame_image {

    # frame image to $Wx$H with color $color
    my($file,$W,$H,$color) = @_;

    my($type,$w,$h);
    my($x,$y);

    # learn about the file
    ($type,$w,$h) = file_info($file);
    
    # black as default color
    $color = '0/0/0' unless $color;
    &log("MSG: Framing file $file into ${W}x$H frame");
    $x = int(($W-$w)/2);
    $y = int(($H-$h)/2);
    mysystem("pbmmake -white $W $H | pgmtoppm rgbi:$color | " .
	     "pnmpaste $file $x $y > $TDIR/tmp.ppm");
    rename "$TDIR/tmp.ppm",$file;
}

sub scale {

    # Scale an image with method $key
    my($key,$file,$W,$H) = @_;

    my($type,$w,$h);

    # learn about the file
    ($type,$w,$h) = file_info($file);
    
    if ($key eq 'reduce') {
	return if $w<=$W && $h <= $H;
	&log("MSG: Scaling file $file to less than ${W}x$H");
	mysystem("pnmscale -xysize $W $H $file>$TDIR/tmp.ppm");
    }
    elsif ($key eq 'cut') {
	return if $w<=$W && $h <= $H;
	my($w1,$h1,$x,$y);
	&log("MSG: Cutting file $file to less than ${W}x$H");
	$w1 = $w > $W ? $W : $w;
	$h1 = $h > $H ? $H : $h;
	$x  = int(($w-$w1)/2);
	$y  = int(($h-$h1)/2);
	$x  = 0 if $x<0;
	$y  = 0 if $y<0;
	mysystem("pnmcut  $x $y $w1 $h1 $file > $TDIR/tmp.ppm");
    }
    elsif ($key eq 'exact') {
	&log("MSG: Scaling file $file to exactly ${W}x$H");
	mysystem("pnmscale -xsize $W -ysize $H $file > $TDIR/tmp.ppm");
    }
    elsif ($key eq 'best') {
	&log("MSG: Scaling file $file with constant aspect to ${W}x$H");
	mysystem("pnmscale -xysize $W $H $file > $TDIR/tmp.ppm");
    }
    else {
	&err("Can't scale with method $key.");
    }

    rename "$TDIR/tmp.ppm",$file;
} 

sub write_berkeley_parameter_file {

    # Write a parameter file for Berkeley mpeg_encode

    my ($MPEG_BASE_FILE_FORMAT,$MPEG_INPUT_CONVERT);

    # Set variables according to -product option
    $MPEG_BASE_FILE_FORMAT = 'PPM';
    $MPEG_INPUT_CONVERT    = $mpeg_input_convert{$opt{'product'}};
    unless ($MPEG_INPUT_CONVERT) {
	# Disable mpeg_encode run since parameter file is incomplete
	&wrn("Can't specify INPUT_CONVERT. Parameter file mpeg.par uncomplete");
	$nompeg = 1;
    }

    open PARAMS,">mpeg.par";

    print PARAMS <<"EOF";

# Parameter file for Berkeley mpeg_encode. Written by Mpp.

INPUT_DIR                               ./$FDIR
BASE_FILE_FORMAT                        $MPEG_BASE_FILE_FORMAT
INPUT_CONVERT                           $MPEG_INPUT_CONVERT

INPUT
f*.$PRODUCT_EXT   [1-$index]
END_INPUT

EOF

    # frame group size
    unless ($mpeg_parameters{'GOP_SIZE'}) {
	$mpeg_parameters{'GOP_SIZE'} = $index;
    }

    # write other parameters
    foreach (keys %mpeg_parameters) {
	printf PARAMS "%-40s%s\n\n",$_,$mpeg_parameters{$_};
    }

    close PARAMS;
}

sub check_for_programs {

    # Check for many programs on the system and show where they are

    my($n,$title,$name,$fullname,@names,%names,$path,$key);

    # mpeg program
    print "\n",<<EOF;
TRYING TO FIND ALL PROGRAMS THAT MIGHT BE NEEDED TO USE Mpp
---------------------------------------------------------------

You do not really need *all* of them. You need an MPEG encoder only if
you want to use it. Decompression and file conversion programs are
only required for the file formats you are actually using. The
programs for post-processing are needed only if you are interested in
the specific product.

EOF

    $- = 0;
    $title =  "FILE DECOMPRESSION (only needed if you use compressed files)";
    @names = (); %names = ();
    foreach $key (keys %uncompress) {
	push(@names,split(/[\|;]\s*/,$uncompress{$key}));
    }
    foreach (@names) {s/\s.*//}
    @names{@names} = @names;
    foreach $n (sort keys %names) {
	$name = $n;
	$fullname = (find_programs($n))[0];
	$fullname = $fullname ? "ok" : "*** NOT found ***";
	write;
    }

    $- = 0;
    $title =  "FILE CONVERSION (you need only the ones for your formats)";
    @names = (); %names = ();
    foreach $key (keys %convert) {
	push(@names,split(/[\|;]\s*/,$convert{$key}));
    }
    foreach (@names) {s/\s.*//}
    @names{@names} = @names;
    foreach $n (sort keys %names) {
	$name = $n;
	$fullname = (find_programs($n))[0];
	$fullname = $fullname ? "ok" : "*** NOT found ***";
	write;
    }

    $- = 0;
    $title =  "TEXT AND IMAGE PASTING (if you want to do that)";
    @names = qw(pbmmake  pbmmask  pbmtext
		pgmtopbm pgmtoppm 
		ppmtopgm
		pnmarith  pnmcrop  pnmcut  pnminvert pnmpaste pnmscale
                pnmenlarge);
    foreach $n (@names) {
	$name = $n;
	$fullname = (find_programs($n))[0];
	$fullname = $fullname ? "ok" : "*** NOT found ***";
	write;
    }

    $- = 0;
    $title =  "RESCALING IMAGES";
    @names = ('pbmmake','pnmpaste','pnmcut','pnmscale');
    foreach $n (@names) {
	$name = $n;
	$fullname = (find_programs($n))[0];
	$fullname = $fullname ? "ok" : "*** NOT found ***";
	write;
    }

    $- = 0;
    $title = "BERKELEY MPEG ENCODER";
    foreach $n ($mpeg_encode_program_name) {
	$name = $n;
	$fullname = (find_programs($n))[0];
	$fullname = $fullname ? "ok" : "*** NOT found ***";
	write;
    }

    $- = 0;
    $title =  "POST PROCESSING TO PRODUCTS (see -product option)";
    @names = (); %names = ();
    foreach $key (keys %product) {
	push(@names,split(/[\|;]\s*/,$product{$key}[1]));
    }
    foreach (@names) {s/\s.*//}
    @names{@names} = @names;
    foreach $n (sort keys %names) {
	$name = $n;
	$fullname = (find_programs($n))[0];
	$fullname = $fullname ? "ok" : "*** NOT found ***";
	write;
    }


format ::STDOUT_TOP =
@<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
$title
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
.
format ::STDOUT = 
@<<<<<<<<<<<  @<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
$name,        $fullname
.

}

sub find_programs {

    # find the full path names of programns along the current path
    my (@names) = @_;

    my ($name,$fullname,$path);
    my (@path) = split /:/,$ENV{'PATH'};
    my (@returns) = ();
  NAME:
    foreach $name (@names) {
	foreach $path (@path) {
	    $fullname = "$path/$name";
	    if (-x $fullname) {
		push(@returns,$fullname);
		next NAME;
	    }
	}
	push(@returns,'');
    }
    @returns;
}

sub list_colors {
  print "mpp knows these colors:\n";
  my @colors = sort keys %named_colors;
  my $color = shift @colors;
  my $len = length($color);
  print $color;
  foreach $color (@colors) {
    if ($len+length($color)+1 >= 80) {
      print "\n";
      $len=0;
    } else {
      print " ";
      $len++;
    }
    print $color;
    $len += length($color)
  }
  print "\n";
}
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#           POD DOCUMENTATION FOLLOWS HERE
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head1 NAME 

mpp - a preprocessor for movie frames

=head1 SYNOPSIS

C<mpp  [ OPTIONS ]  COMMAND-FILE>

=head1 DESCRIPTION

B<Mpp> stands for Movie PreProcessor. It prepares a set of images for
inclusion into a movie. B<Mpp> was written to allow the processing of
heterogeneous material (e.g. images with different sizes and file
formats, text pages in yet another format) into a homogenous set of
frame files.  It also does some basic title generation.  Features:

=over 5

=item o

Convert images from different formats into a single common format. The
recognition of many image formats is automatic.

= item o

Scale, cut or frame images of different sizes to a common size.

=item o

Create empty frames of any color, as background for titles etc.

=item o

Paste text into frames.

=item o

Paste images into frames.  Pasting can be masked, so that the movie
frames become the background for the pasted image.

=item o

Multiplicate a single frame (with links -> no extra disk space
required) in order to have it incorporated several times in a movie
(still frames and/or slow-motion effects).

=back

B<Mpp> creates movie frames according to the specifications in
COMMAND-FILE (or STDIN).  The frames are put into a subdirectory
F<MPP_frames>.  A logfile F<mpp.log> and an error file F<mpp.err> are
written for reference.

B<Mpp> also writes a parameter file F<mpeg.par> suitable for a run of
the UCB MPEG-I encoder.  With the B<-mpeg> switch, the B<mpeg_encode>
program runs automatically and produces F<movie.mpeg>.

B<Mpp> will digest many different image formats. Currently the
following formats are recognized and converted:

    - JPEG/JFIF       JPEG compressed images in JFIF format
    - GIF             GIF files
    - PBM/PGM/PPM     Jef Poskanzers portable formats
    - PM              Pixmap
    - XBM             X bitmap
    - SUN RASTER      Sun Microsystems raster format
    - BMP             BMP files
    - UTAH RLE        The UTAH RLE format
    - IRIS            RGB files from an SGI workstation
    - PCX             PCX files
    - TIFF            TIFF files
    - PS              Postscript files
    - PDS VICAR       PDS/VICAR files
    - MTV             The format from the MTV raytracer

B<Mpp> will also find compressed images if they have one of the
extensions I<.bz2>, I<.bz>, I<.gz>, I<.z> or I<.Z>.

To use B<mpp>, the following programs must be available on your
machine.

=over 4

=item -

Jef Poskanzers B<pbmplus> library. B<Mpp> makes heavy use of it.

=item -

Conversion programs to convert your file format into PPM pixmaps. Many
of these programs come with the B<pbmplus> library.  B<Mpp> also
needs to know how these programs are used. If necessary, you can
configure this and other information in the configuration section at
the top of the B<mpp> program. More documentation can be found
there.

=item -

The MPEG encoder from the University of California, Berkeley, if you
want to produce MPEG files. It's available at

  ftp://mm-ftp.cs.berkeley.edu:/pub/multimedia/mpeg

On some systems, this program is installed as F<ppmtompeg>.  If this
is the case on your system, edit B<mpp> and change the name in the
configuration section.

=back

If you are not sure what you have installed, you can check with

    mpp -check.

=head1 THE COMMAND FILE

The command file is a script in which you describe the movie frames.
Below follows a list of the available commands.  Several commands
accept a color as an argument.  Colors can be specified by I<name>
(e.g. 'red', 'green', 'orange') or in I<rgbi> format where the
contributions of red, green and blue are specified by numbers between
0 and 1 (e.g. '1/0/0', '0/1/0', '1/0.65/0/').

=over 5

=item SIZE size-spec

Set the size of the movie frames. All images will be scaled to this
size if necessary. Size-spec is the size in pixels, given as
WWWxHHH. It can also be the name of a file containing an image of
the correct size, or any of the keywords NTSC (=352x240), CIF
(352x288), QCIF (176x144). If no SIZE command is issued early in the
command file, the size of the first processed image is used.

=item SCALE method

Scale all images to equal size using the specified method. The
following methods are available.

    cut     If the image is too big, use the center piece
            and clip anything outside the frame size.

    reduce  Reduce images that are too big. The aspect
            ratio is preserved. This is the default.

    best    Reduce large images and enlarge small
            images to fit into the movie size.
            The aspect ratio is preserved.

    exact   Scale the images to exactly the movie
            frame size. The aspect ratio is NOT
            preserved in this operation.

    not     Forbid scaling altogether. This will
            cause mpp to abort if frame sizes
            are found to be inconsistent.

Unless the method is 'exact', the pictures will be framed as needed to
meet the exact movie size.

=item FRAMECOLOR color

Set the color of the frame around images to I<color>.  Color can be a
name or an r/g/b specification. The default framecolor is black
(0/0/0).

=item PREFIX prefix

Use this prefix for all filenames containing images.  This can be used
to indicate a path or a longish prefix, e.g.

    PREFIX frames/

Prefix will be applied only to frame files, not to font or paste files
(see below).

=item NNx FILE%dNAME min max step

The frame producing command. NNx is an integer I<NN> followed by I<x>
saying how often each frame should be included into the movie.  Use
this to hold a single frame for some time, or to create a slow-motion
effect by showing each frame a few times. If no repetition factor is
given, 1 is the default.

The second item is a filename template which can contain a %d (or %04d
or whatever). It is fed as a format into sprintf to produce the
filenames. The values from MIN to MAX in steps of STEP are used. For
example

    image%d.gif 1 10 3

is equivalent to

    image1.gif
    image4.gif
    image7.gif
    image10.gif

When a file does not exist, B<mpp> looks for a compressed version of
it with extension .bz, .bz2, .Z, .gz, or .z and uses that one. If
those don't exist either, B<mpp> aborts (see, however, B<-force>
option).

Filenames that look like a color specification (name or C<r/g/b>) will
produce empty frames of the specified color.

=item TEXTCOLOR color

Specifies the color for subsequent TEXT rendering. The default is
white.

=item TEXTFONT F<font>

Specifies the font for subsequent text rendering. B<Mpp> has built-in
two sets of fonts. These are (size specification is character height
in pixels)

    FONT TYPE  | AVAILABLE SIZES
    -----------|------------------
    standard   | 8 10 12 14 18 24
    cubistic   | c6 c8

The 'standard' fonts are bold courier fonts.  The 'cubistic' fonts
have no oblique lines in them and look a little awkward. They do,
however, have the advantage of being scalable by arbirary integer
factors without quality loss.  Font scaling is activated by appending
C<*N> to the name.  You may also provide your own fonts. To do that, a
special font file needs to be prepared. See the B<pbmtext> man page on
how to make one. When the F<font> parameter in the TEXTFONT command
corresponds to an existing pbm file, it is used as the font
file. Examples:

    TEXTFONT 18            # Select standard font 18 pixels high
    TEXTFONT c8*8          # Select cubistic font 64 pixels high
    TEXTFONT my_font.pbm   # Select font defined in this font file

=item TEXT POS  some text for pasting

This command specifies text which will be inserted in the following
frames. POS is a single digid 1..9 and determines the position of the
text in the frame like the numbers on a keypad.

      ---------------
      |7     8     9|
      |             |
      |4     5     6|
      |             |
      |1     2     3|
      ---------------

If the text runs over several lines, a here-document syntax may be
used:

    TEXT 5 <<EOT
    Line 1
        Second line
    Line three
    EOT

If TEXT is called several times with different positions, the
different items are all pasted in the frames.  For each position, only
the most recently defined text is used.

The default color and font used for rendering text are taken from the
most recent TEXTFONT and TEXTCOLOR commands. These values may locally
be overwritten by embedded I<-color> and I<-font> options. For example

    TEXT 3  -color 1/0/0.5 -font 14  render this text

Should any of the text items turn out to be too large to fit into a
movie frame, it will be scaled appropriately.

=item PASTE POS F<image>

Paste the image in file F<image> at position POS into the following
frames. POS has the same meaning as in the TEXT command. You can have
either text or an image at a specific location.

Like the TEXT command, PASTE recognizes embedded options. These are:

    -crop  Crop away background around the "interesting" part
           of the image.

    -scale METHOD
           Use METHOD to scale the image into a movie frame.
           METHOD can be any of the ones described for the 
           SCALE command above. The default is 'reduce'.

    -size WWxHH
           Use this size limit rather than the full movie
           frame size when scaling.

    -mask [ THRESHOLD ]
           Use a mask when pasting. This way, only the
           foreground in image will be pasted into the
           frames. THRESHOLD, if specified, marks the
           intensity divide between foreground and background
           in the image. It has to be between 0 and 1. The default
           0.5 works well for strong contrast. For weak
           contrast, use .99 if the background is white,
           .01 if it is black.

    -color color
           Like -mask, but the color of the entire foreground
           is changed to the specified color (name or r/g/b).

Thus, you could make a text frame on some text processing program and
save the page in an image format. In order to paste this text in green
and as large as possible, the following command could be used:

    PASTE -crop -scale best -color green  textimage

or shorter as

    PASTE -c -s best -c green  textimage

=item CLEAR  [ POS ]   [ POS ]  ...

This will remove text or images from the specified positions. If no
positions are given, all text and image items will be cleared.

=back

=head1 OPTIONS

=over 5

=item B<-check>

Check the system for the programs required to run B<mpp>.

=item B<-colors>

List all color names known to B<mpp>.

=item B<-clean>

Remove all files created by mpp.

=item B<-force>

Ignore recoverable errors.

=item B<-quiet>

Make less verbose output. This should give hardly any messages on the
terminal. You are supposed to check the error file, though.

=item B<-verbose>

Make more verbose output. This copies all the stuff headed
for the log file to STDERR. It will also show the messages from the
B<mpeg_encode> program (several lines per frame).

=item B<-product> KEY

Defines the file format of the produced frames. The default is
I<ppm>. KEY may be any of the following.

    ppm       keep the PPM versions of the frame files
    pgm       produce  PGM versions of the frame files
    pbm       produce  PBM versions of the frame files
    gif       produce  GIF versions of the frame files
    tiff      produce TIFF versions of the frame files
    bz2       compress ppm files with 'bzip2'
    gz        compress ppm files with 'gzip'
    Z         compress ppm files with 'compress'
    z         compress ppm files with 'pack'

Thus,

     mpp -product gif

would produce all frames in GIF format, and

     mpp -p bz2

would save a lot of disk space by compressing the frames.

KEY may also be a system command that formally converts the file
'frame.ppm' into 'frame.img'. For example

     mpp -product 'ppmtogif frame.ppm > frame.img'

would also do a conversion to GIF format.

=item B<-mpeg>

Call the B<mpeg_encode> program to produce an MPEG movie file
F<movie.mpg>. You may use the -mpeg switch together with any of the
-product specifications.

=back

All options may be abbreviated to uniqueness.

=head1 EXAMPLES

Here is an example of a command file.

    # Specify the size of the movie
    SIZE my_frame01.gif

    # Set default text color to yellow.
    TEXTCOLOR yellow

    # The titlepage in file title.tiff should be masked and pasted
    # into the first frames.
    PASTE 5 title.tiff -mask

    # Ten empty blue frames (r/g/b specification or color name in place
    # of a filename).  title.tiff will be pasted into these frames
    10x blue

    # Terminate pasting of title.tiff
    CLEAR

    # First frame 20 times
    20x my_frame01.gif

    # For the moving frames, show "MOVE" in upper left corner
    TEXT 7 MOVE

    # The frames 02 .. 50 each only once
    my_frame%02d.gif 2 50

    # The same backwards again, and show "BACK" in the upper right corner
    TEXT 9 -c red BACK
    my_frame%02d.gif 50 2 -1

    # ... And forward in slow motion (each frame three times)
    # Show "SLOW" instad of "BACK".
    TEXT 9 -c orange SLOW
    3x my_frame%02d.gif 2 50

    # Clear the "MOVE" and "SLOW" labels.
    CLEAR 7 9

    # Repeat last frame with BIG centered green THE END message
    TEXT 5 -font 24 -color green THE END
    10x my_frame50.gif


=head1 FILES

The following files and directories are used by B<mpp> and will
be deleted or overwritten without warning.

The major files written by B<mpp> are:

   ./mpp.log ./mpp.err ./mpeg.par ./movie.mpg

Some temporary files are used in the current directory but will be
deleted when B<mpp> is done:

   ./frame.* ./redo.img

All other files are placed into two subdirectories:

   ./MPP_frames/      The frame files
   ./MPP_tmp/         Temporary files

=head1 BUGS

Not all of the file formats claimed to be recognized have been
tested. Most of them have, however.

Image names must be different from color names or B<mpp> will get
confused.  You can change the supported color names in the
configuration section of B<mpp>.

B<Mpp> needs to run on a UNIX system and is not easily ported to
other operating systems.

The movie SIZE must be known before the first TEXT or PASTE item is
specified.

B<Mpp> has a configuration section near the top of the program.
If things don't work as advertised, especially file conversion and file
decompression, check it out.

Send bug reports and other feedback to

    Carsten Dominik <dominik@astro.uva.nl>

=head1 AUTHOR

Carsten Dominik

(c) 1995 1996 2001 Carsten Dominik

B<Mpp> may be copied, changed, and redistributed under the same
terms as PERL.

=cut

__END__

# This data section contains uuencoded versions of fonts. If you want to add
# your favorite font here, produce a font file following the directions in
# the pbmtext man page. Then uuencode the file with
#
#     uuencode myfont.pbm myfontname > tmp.uu
#
# and place the resulting file into this data section, e.g.
#
#     cat tmp.uu >> mpp
#
# Then you can use your font with
#
#     TEXTFONT myfontname
#
# in the command script. 

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end